Ọrụ nke formic acid

N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, n'ihi ụkọ ihe ọkụkụ na-abawanye ụba na mmebi nke gburugburu ebe obibi mmadụ, iji nke ọma na iji ihe onwunwe emeghari emeghari dị ka biomass abụrụla ihe nyocha na nlebara anya nke ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị gburugburu ụwa.Formic acid, Otu n'ime ihe ndị bụ isi site na ngwaahịa na biorefining, nwere àgwà nke ọnụ ala ma dị mfe ịnweta, ndị na-adịghị egbu egbu, oke ume ike, nke na-emegharị ma na-emebi emebi, wdg Itinye ya n'ọrụ iji nweta ume ọhụrụ na mgbanwe kemịkal ọ bụghị nanị na-enyere aka n'ihu gbasaa. mpaghara ngwa nkeformic acid, ma na-enyekwara aka dozie ụfọdụ nsogbu ọkpọkọ na-emekarị na teknụzụ biorefining n'ọdịnihu. Akwụkwọ a tụlere nkenke akụkọ nyocha nke formic acid itinye n'ọrụ, chịkọtara ọganihu nyocha kachasị ọhụrụ nkeformic acid dị ka ihe na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na multi-nzube reagent na akụrụngwa na chemical njikọ na catalytic ntughari nke biomass, na tụnyere na nyochaa isi ụkpụrụ na catalytic usoro nke iji. formic acid ịgbalite iji nweta ngbanwe kemịkalụ dị mma. A na-akọwapụta na nyocha nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu kwesịrị ilekwasị anya n'ịkwalite nrụpụta ọrụ nke formic acid na ịghọta oke nhọrọ nhọrọ, ma gbasaa mpaghara ngwa ya na nke a.

Na njikọ nke kemikal,formic acid, dị ka ihe na gburugburu ebe obibi enyi na enyi na mmeghari ohuru multi-arụ ọrụ reagent, ike ga-eji na nhọrọ ntughari usoro nke dị iche iche ọtọ dị iche iche. Dị ka ihe na-ebufe hydrogen ma ọ bụ onye na-ebelata ihe nke nwere ọdịnaya hydrogen dị elu,formic acid nwere uru nke ọrụ dị mfe na nke a na-achịkwa, ọnọdụ dị nro na nhọrọ kemịkal dị mma ma e jiri ya tụnyere hydrogen omenala. A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe na mbelata nke aldehydes, nitro, imines, nitriles, alkynes, alkenes na ndị ọzọ iji mepụta mmanya ndị kwekọrọ ekwekọ, amines, alkenes na alkanes. Na hydrolysis na arụ ọrụ otu deprotection nke alcohols na epoxides. N'ihi eziokwu ahụformic acid nwekwara ike iji dị ka C1 akụrụngwa, dị ka isi multi-nzube isi reagent,formic acid nwekwara ike tinye ya na mbelata formylation nke quinoline ihe, formylation na methylation nke amine ogige, carbonylation nke olefin na Mbelata hydration nke alkynes na ndị ọzọ multistage tandem mmeghachi omume, nke bụ ụzọ dị mkpa iji nweta nke ọma na mfe akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ njikọ nke ọma na mgbagwoju organic njikọ. ụmụ irighiri ihe. Ihe ịma aka nke usoro ndị dị otú ahụ bụ ịchọta multifunctional catalysts na elu selectivity na ọrụ maka njikwa njikwa nke. formic acid na otu ọrụ dị iche iche. Na mgbakwunye, ọmụmụ ndị na-adịbeghị anya egosila na iji formic acid dị ka akụrụngwa C1 nwekwara ike mejupụta kemịkalụ buru ibu dị ka methanol nwere nhọrọ dị elu site na mmeghachi omume na-akpata catalytic.

Na catalytic ntughari nke biomass, multifunctional Njirimara nkeformic acidnye ikike maka mmezu nke akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, usoro biorefining dị mma yana ọnụ ahịa. Akụrụngwa biomass bụ akụrụngwa ọzọ kachasị na-ekwe nkwa na-adigide, mana ịtụgharị ha ka ọ bụrụ ụdị akụrụngwa eji arụ ọrụ ka bụ ihe ịma aka. Enwere ike itinye akụrụngwa acid na ihe mgbaze dị mma nke formic acid na usoro pretreatment nke akụrụngwa biomass iji ghọta nkewa nke akụkụ lignocellulose na mmịpụta cellulose. E jiri ya tụnyere usoro pretreatment inorganic acid ọdịnala, ọ nwere uru nke ebe esi mmiri dị ala, nkewa dị mfe, enweghị iwebata ion inorganic, yana ndakọrịta siri ike maka mmeghachi omume ala. Dị ka isi iyi hydrogen na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma,formic acid A mụọla ma tinye ya n'ọrụ n'ọtụtụ ebe n'ime nhọrọ nke ntụgharị catalytic nke ogige ikpo okwu biomass gaa na kemịkalụ bara uru dị elu, mmebi lignin na ogige aromatic, yana usoro nnụcha bio- mmanụ hydrodeoxidation. E jiri ya tụnyere usoro hydrogenation ọdịnala na-adabere na H2, formic acid nwere ngbanwe dị elu na ọnọdụ mmeghachi omume dị nro. Ọ dị mfe ma dịkwa nchebe, ma nwee ike ibelata ngwa ngwa na ike ike nke akụrụngwa fossil na usoro nchacha bio. Nnyocha e mere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya egosila na site n'iwepụ lignin oxidized n'imeformic acid Ngwọta mmiri n'okpuru ọnọdụ dị nro, enwere ike nweta ngwọta aromatic dị ala dị ala nke nwere oke ibu karịa 60%. Nchọpụta ọhụrụ a na-eweta ohere ọhụrụ maka mmịpụta kemịkalụ aromatic dị oke ọnụ na lignin.

Na nchịkọta, bio-dabere formic acidna-egosi oké ike na green organic njikọ na biomass ntughari, na ya versatility na multipurpose dị oké mkpa iji nweta oru oma tinye n'ọrụ nke akụrụngwa na elu selectivity nke lekwasịrị ngwaahịa. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, mpaghara a emeela ụfọdụ ihe ọ rụzuru ma mepụta ngwa ngwa, mana a ka nwere ebe dị anya site na ngwa ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe n'ezie, a ga-achọkwa nyocha ọzọ. Nchọpụta n'ọdịnihu kwesịrị ilekwasị anya n'akụkụ ndị a: (1) otu esi ahọrọ ọla ndị na-arụ ọrụ catalytic kwesịrị ekwesị na usoro mmeghachi omume maka mmeghachi omume kpọmkwem; (2) otu esi arụ ọrụ nke ọma na njikwa formic acid n'ihu akụrụngwa ndị ọzọ na reagents; (3) Otu esi aghọta usoro mmeghachi omume nke mmeghachi omume mgbagwoju anya site na ọkwa molekul; (4) Otu esi eme ka onye na-emepụta ihe na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma na usoro dị mkpa. Na-atụ anya ọdịnihu, dabere na mkpa nke ọha mmadụ nke oge a maka gburugburu ebe obibi, akụ na ụba na mmepe na-adịgide adịgide, formic acid chemistry ga-enwetakwu nlebara anya na nyocha site na ụlọ ọrụ na agụmakwụkwọ.


Oge nzipu: Jun-27-2024