Nkwadebe na itinye glacial acetic acid
Acetic acid, nke a na-akpọkwaacetic acid, glacial acetic acid, usoro ọgwụCH3COOH, bụ organic monic acid na mkpirisi yinye juputara fatty acid, nke bụ isi iyi acid na isi ísì dị na mmanya mmanya. N'okpuru ọnọdụ nkịtị, a na-akpọ ya "acetic acid", ma a na-akpọ acetic acid dị ọcha na ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-erughị 1% mmiri"glacial acetic acid", nke bụ hygroscopic siri ike na-enweghị agba nke nwere ebe na-ekpo ọkụ nke 16 ruo 17° C (62° F), na mgbe emechara ya, ọ bụ kristal enweghị agba. Ọ bụ ezie na acetic acid bụ acid na-adịghị ike, ọ na-emebi emebi, vapors ya na-akpasu anya na imi, na-esikwa ísì ụtọ.
akụkọ ihe mere eme
Ihe a na-achọ kwa afọ n'ụwa niileacetic acid bụ ihe dị ka nde tọn 6.5. N'ime nke a, a na-emegharị ihe dị ka nde tọn 1.5 na nde tọn ise fọdụrụnụ bụ nke a na-emepụta ozugbo site na nri nri petrochemical ma ọ bụ site na gbaa ụka.
Nkeglacial acetic acid Enwere ike ịhụ nje bacteria na-agba agba (Acetobacter) n'akụkụ ụwa niile, na mba ọ bụla na-apụghị izere ezere na-achọta mmanya mgbe ha na-eme mmanya - ọ bụ ngwaahịa sitere n'okike nke ihe ọṅụṅụ ndị a na-aba n'anya nke ikuku. Dị ka ihe atụ, na China, a na-ekwu na nwa Du Kang, bụ́ Black Tower, nwetara mmanya n’ihi na o mere mmanya ruo ogologo oge.
Ojiji nkeglacial acetic acidna kemistri malitere n'oge ochie. Na narị afọ nke atọ BC, onye ọkà ihe ọmụma Gris Theophrastus kọwara n'ụzọ zuru ezu otú acetic acid si emeghachi na ọla iji mepụta pigmenti eji eme ihe, gụnyere ndu ọcha (carbonate carbonate) na patina (ngwakọta nke nnu ọla kọpa gụnyere acetate ọla kọpa). Ndị Rom oge ochie na-esi mmanya na-egbuke egbuke n'ime akpa ozu iji mepụta sirop na-atọ ụtọ nke a na-akpọ sapa. sapa bara ụba na shuga ndu na-esi ísì ụtọ, ndu acetate, nke butere nsị ndu n'etiti ndị isi Rom. Na narị afọ nke 8, onye Persian alchemist Jaber lekwasịrị anya acetic acid na mmanya mmanya site na distillation.
Na 1847, ọkà mmụta sayensị German bụ Adolf Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe rụpụtara acetic acid sitere na akụrụngwa inorganic maka oge mbụ. Usoro mmeghachi omume a bụ carbon disulfide nke mbụ site na chlorination n'ime carbon tetrachloride, na-esote oke okpomọkụ nke tetrachlorethylene mgbe hydrolysis gasịrị, na chlorination, si otú a na-emepụta trichloroacetic acid, nzọụkwụ ikpeazụ site na mbelata electrolytic iji mepụta acetic acid.
Na 1910, ọtụtụ n'ime haglacial acetic acid a na-esi na coal tar amịpụta n'osisi agbagọ agbagọ. Nke mbụ, a na-eji calcium hydroxide agwọ coal tar, mgbe ahụ, a na-eme ka calcium acetate kpụrụ akpụ na sulfuric acid iji nweta acetic acid n'ime ya. A na-emepụta ihe dị ka tọn 10,000 nke glacial acetic acid na Germany n'ime oge a, 30% nke a na-eji eme ihe eji esiji indigo.
nkwadebe
Glacial acetic acid enwere ike ịkwadebe ya site na njikọ artificial na nje bacteria. Taa, biosynthesis, iji gbaa ụka nje, na-akpata naanị 10% nke mmepụta ụwa niile, mana ọ ka bụ usoro kachasị mkpa nke imepụta mmanya, n'ihi na iwu nchekwa nri n'ọtụtụ mba chọrọ ka a kwadebere mmanya na nri n'ụzọ ndu. 75% nkeacetic acid maka iji ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na-emepụta site na carbonylation nke methanol. A na-ejikọta akụkụ ndị ahụ ohere site na ụzọ ndị ọzọ.
jiri
Glacial acetic acid bụ acid carboxylic dị mfe, nke nwere otu methyl na otu carboxylic, ma bụrụkwa reagent kemịkalụ dị mkpa. N'ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ, a na-eji ya eme polyethylene terephthalate, bụ isi ihe na karama mmanya.Glacial acetic acid a na-ejikwa ya mee cellulose acetate maka ihe nkiri na polyvinyl acetate maka ihe nkwụnye osisi, yana ọtụtụ eriri na akwa ndị na-emepụta ihe. N'ụlọ, itughari ngwọta nke glacial acetic acida na-ejikarị eme ihe dị ka onye na-emebi ihe. N'ụlọ ọrụ nri, akọwapụtara acetic acid dị ka onye na-ahụ maka acidity na ndepụta mgbakwunye nri E260.
Glacial acetic acidbụ isi kemịkalụ reagent eji na nkwadebe nke ọtụtụ ogige. Otu ojiji nke acetic acid bụ nkwadebe nke vinyl acetate monomer, sochiri nkwadebe nke acetic anhydride na esters ndị ọzọ. Nkeacetic acid na mmanya bụ naanị obere akụkụ nke ihe niileglacial acetic acid.
A na-ejikarị ngwọta acetic acid diluted eme ihe dị ka ihe na-ewepụ nchara n'ihi obere acidity ya. A na-ejikwa acidity ya na-agwọ nsị nke Cubomedusae kpatara na, ọ bụrụ na ejiri ya mee ihe n'oge, nwere ike igbochi nnukwu mmerụ ahụ ma ọ bụ ọbụna ọnwụ site n'ịkwụsị sel jellyfish. A pụkwara iji ya kwadebe maka ọgwụgwọ otitis externa na Vosol.Acetic acid a na-ejikwa ya dị ka ihe nchekwa mmiri iji gbochie uto nke nje bacteria na fungi.
Oge nzipu: Mee-28-2024