N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, n'ihi ụkọ ihe ọkụkụ na-abawanye ụba na mmebi nke gburugburu ebe obibi mmadụ, iji nke ọma na iji ihe onwunwe emeghari emeghari dị ka biomass abụrụla ihe nyocha na nlebara anya nke ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị gburugburu ụwa. Formic acid, otu n'ime ndị isi site na ngwaahịa na biorefining, nwere àgwà nke ọnụ ala na mfe inweta, na-abụghị egbu egbu, elu ike njupụta, mmeghari ohuru na deradable, wdg Itinye ya ọhụrụ ume itinye n'ọrụ na chemical mgbanwe bụghị nanị na-enyere aka. n'ihu gbasaa ngwa ngwa nke formic acid, ma na-enyere aka dozie ụfọdụ nsogbu bottleneck ụfọdụ na-eme n'ọdịnihu biorefining technology. Akwụkwọ a tụlere obere oge nyocha akụkọ ihe mere eme nke iji formic acid, chịkọtara ọganihu nyocha kachasị ọhụrụ nke formic acid dị ka ihe na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na ọtụtụ ebumnuche na akụrụngwa na njikọta kemịkalụ na ngbanwe catalytic nke biomass, wee jiri ma nyochaa ụkpụrụ bụ isi na sistemụ catalytic. nke iji formic acid rụọ ọrụ iji nweta ngbanwe kemịkalụ nke ọma. A na-akọwapụta na nyocha nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu kwesịrị ilekwasị anya n'ịkwalite nrụpụta ọrụ nke formic acid na ịghọta oke nhọrọ nhọrọ, ma gbasaa mpaghara ngwa ya na nke a.
Na chemical njikọ, formic acid, dị ka gburugburu ebe obibi enyi na enyi na mmeghari multi-functional reagent, nwere ike ji mee ihe na nhọrọ mgbanwe usoro nke dị iche iche ọtọ otu. Dị ka onye na-ebufe hydrogen ma ọ bụ onye na-ebelata ihe nwere ọdịnaya hydrogen dị elu, formic acid nwere uru nke ọrụ dị mfe na nke a na-achịkwa, ọnọdụ dị nro na ezigbo nhọrọ kemịkal ma e jiri ya tụnyere hydrogen omenala. A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe na mbelata nke aldehydes, nitro, imines, nitriles, alkynes, alkenes na ndị ọzọ iji mepụta mmanya ndị kwekọrọ ekwekọ, amines, alkenes na alkanes. Na hydrolysis na arụ ọrụ otu deprotection nke alcohols na epoxides. N'ihi eziokwu ahụ bụ na formic acid nwekwara ike iji dị ka C1 raw material, dị ka isi multi-nzube isi reagent, formic acid nwekwara ike tinye n'ọrụ na mbelata mmepụta nke quinoline mmepụta, formylation na methylation nke amine ogige, carbonylation nke olefin. na mbelata hydration nke alkynes na mmeghachi omume multistage tandem ndị ọzọ, nke bụ ụzọ dị mkpa iji nweta ezigbo njikọ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ dị mfe ma dị mgbagwoju anya. ụmụ irighiri ihe. Ihe ịma aka nke usoro ndị dị otú ahụ bụ ịchọta multifunctional catalysts na elu selectivity na ọrụ maka njikwa njikwa nke formic acid na otu ọrụ dị iche iche. Na mgbakwunye, ọmụmụ ndị na-adịbeghị anya egosila na iji formic acid dị ka akụrụngwa C1 nwekwara ike mejupụta kemịkalụ buru ibu dị ka methanol nwere nhọrọ dị elu site na mmeghachi omume na-akpata catalytic.
Na ntughari catalytic nke biomass, njirimara multifunctional nke formic acid na-enye ikike maka mmezu nke usoro ndụ ndụ ndụ, nchekwa na ọnụ ahịa biorefining. Akụrụngwa biomass bụ akụrụngwa ọzọ kachasị na-ekwe nkwa na-adigide, mana ịtụgharị ha ka ọ bụrụ ụdị akụrụngwa eji arụ ọrụ ka bụ ihe ịma aka. Enwere ike itinye akụrụngwa acid na ihe mgbaze dị mma nke formic acid na usoro pretreatment nke akụrụngwa biomass iji ghọta nkewa nke akụkụ lignocellulose na mmịpụta cellulose. E jiri ya tụnyere usoro pretreatment inorganic acid ọdịnala, ọ nwere uru nke ebe esi mmiri dị ala, nkewa dị mfe, enweghị iwebata ion inorganic, yana ndakọrịta siri ike maka mmeghachi omume ala. Dị ka isi iyi hydrogen na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, a mụọla formic acid n'ọtụtụ ebe ma tinye ya n'ọrụ na nhọrọ nke ntụgharị catalytic nke ngwakọta ikpo okwu biomass gaa na kemịkalụ bara uru dị elu, mmebi lignin na ogige aromatic, yana usoro nnụcha bio- mmanụ hydrodeoxidation. E jiri ya tụnyere usoro hydrogenation ọdịnala na-adabere na H2, formic acid nwere ngbanwe dị elu na ọnọdụ mmeghachi omume dị nro. Ọ dị mfe ma dịkwa nchebe, ma nwee ike ibelata ngwa ngwa na ike ike nke akụrụngwa fossil na usoro nchacha bio. Nnyocha e mere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya egosila na site na depolymerizing oxidized lignin na formic acid aqueous solution n'okpuru ọnọdụ dị nro, enwere ike nweta ngwọta aromatic dị ala dị ala nke nwere oke ibu karịa 60%. Nchọpụta ọhụrụ a na-eweta ohere ọhụrụ maka mmịpụta kemịkalụ aromatic dị oke ọnụ na lignin.
Na nchịkọta, formic acid nke dabeere na bio na-egosi ikike dị ukwuu na njikọ organic na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na ntugharị biomass, yana ntụgharị ya na multipurpose dị mkpa iji nweta ọrụ nke ọma nke ngwa ngwa yana nnukwu nhọrọ nke ngwaahịa ezubere iche. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, mpaghara a emeela ụfọdụ ihe ọ rụzuru ma mepụta ngwa ngwa, mana a ka nwere ebe dị anya site na ngwa ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe n'ezie, a ga-achọkwa nyocha ọzọ. Nchọpụta n'ọdịnihu kwesịrị ilekwasị anya n'akụkụ ndị a: (1) otu esi ahọrọ ọla ndị na-arụ ọrụ catalytic kwesịrị ekwesị na usoro mmeghachi omume maka mmeghachi omume kpọmkwem; (2) otu esi arụ ọrụ nke ọma na njikwa formic acid n'ihu akụrụngwa ndị ọzọ na reagents; (3) Otu esi aghọta usoro mmeghachi omume nke mmeghachi omume mgbagwoju anya site na ọkwa molekul; (4) Otu esi eme ka onye na-eme ihe na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma na usoro dị mkpa. Na-atụ anya ọdịnihu, dabere na mkpa nke ọha mmadụ nke oge a maka gburugburu ebe obibi, akụ na ụba na mmepe na-adịgide adịgide, formic acid chemistry ga-enwetakwu nlebara anya na nyocha site na ụlọ ọrụ na agụmakwụkwọ.
Oge nzipu: Dec-19-2024