formic acid

1. Isi ojiji nke formic acid na ọganihu nyocha na mkpụrụ ndụ mmanụ
Dị ka ihe nchekwa hydrogen, formic acid nwere ike ịhapụ nnukwu hydrogen maka ojiji site na mmeghachi omume kwesịrị ekwesị mgbe ọ dị mkpa, ọ bụkwa ihe dị n'etiti etiti maka ojiji zuru oke na njem nchebe nke ike hydrogen.
Enweghị ike iji formic acid mee ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na akụrụngwa ụlọ ọrụ na kemịkalụ, kamakwa enwere ike iji ya dị ka ihe na-agbaze snow na gburugburu ebe obibi ọhụrụ iji gbochie mmetọ mmiri dị n'ime ala.
A nwekwara ike iji formic acid mee mkpụrụ ndụ mmanụ sitere n'ụdị nke na-eji formic acid ozugbo dị ka akụrụngwa. Site na iji oxygen meghachi omume formic acid iji mepụta carbon dioxide na mmiri, mkpụrụ ndụ mmanụ ọkụ nwere ike ị nweta ọkụ eletrik iji mee ka obere ngwaọrụ ndị nwere ike ibugharị dị ka ekwentị mkpanaaka na laptọọpụ.
Mkpụrụ ndụ mmanụ ọkụ ọdịnala bụ mkpụrụ ndụ mmanụ hydrogen na mkpụrụ ndụ mmanụ methanol. Mgbochi nke mkpụrụ ndụ mmanụ hydrogen bụ ọnụ ahịa arịa hydrogen pere mpe, ike dị ala nke hydrogen gas, yana njem na ojiji hydrogen nwere ike ịdị ize ndụ; Ọ bụ ezie na methanol nwere njupụta ume dị elu, ọnụ ọgụgụ oxidation electrocatalytic ya dị ala karịa nke hydrogen, na methanol na-egbu egbu, nke na-egbochi iji ya eme ihe. Formic acid bụ mmiri mmiri na ụlọ okpomọkụ, ọ nwere obere nsị, ma nwee ike electromotive dị elu karịa hydrogen na methanol, ya mere mkpụrụ ndụ mmanụ formic acid nwere ikike dị ukwuu na ngwa ngwa ma e jiri ya tụnyere hydrogen na methanol mmanụ ọkụ [9-10]. Direct formic acid mmanụ ụgbọala (DFAFC) bụ ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke ekwentị mkpanaaka na obere ike ọkọnọ n'ihi na ya mfe mmepụta usoro, elu kpọmkwem ike na ike. Teknụzụ na-agbanwe ike kemịkalụ echekwara na formic acid na oxygen ka ọ bụrụ ọkụ eletrik ozugbo.
Batrị ahụ, ọ bụrụ na emebere ya, ga-enwe ike inye ihe dị ka watts 10 ike na-aga n'ihu, nke pụtara na ọ nwere ike ịgbanye ọtụtụ ngwa ngwa. Na mgbakwunye, dị ka isi iyi ike, mkpụrụ ndụ mmanụ formic acid kpọmkwem nwere uru nke ịdị elu dị elu na ịdị ọkụ, dịka enweghị nkwụnye nkwụnye, ma e jiri ya tụnyere batrị lithium-ion. Ka teknụzụ na-etolite, a na-atụ anya na ọ ga-asọmpi na batrị lithium n'ahịa obere ọkụ. N'otu oge ahụ, mkpụrụ ndụ mmanụ formic acid nwere uru nke na-adịghị egbu egbu, enweghị ọkụ, nchekwa na njem dị mma, ọrụ electrochemical, njupụta ume dị elu, proton conductivity, obere nnyefe na proton Exchange membrane, ma nwee ike ịmepụta ike mmepụta ka ukwuu. njupụta na obere okpomọkụ, nke ndị ọkachamara na ụlọ ọrụ na-akwadokarị. Ụlọ ọrụ eletrọnịkị ga-abara uru karịa ma ọ bụrụ na batrị ndị dị otú ahụ aghọọ ihe bara uru. Site na mmepe nke teknụzụ na mbelata ọnụ ahịa, mkpụrụ ndụ mmanụ formic acid ga-egosi atụmanya dị mma nke ngwa ụlọ ọrụ n'ihi njirimara ya nke nchekwa ike na nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi.
Formic acid, dị ka ngwaahịa kemịkalụ nwere uru dị elu agbakwunyere na nhazi nke carbon dioxide na n'ime nrụpụta akụrụngwa nke kemịkal, bụ ngwaahịa ọzọ nke okirikiri carbon ma na-ebelata ọnụ ahịa mmepụta. N'ọdịnihu, ọ ga-enwe mmetụta dị mkpa na mweghachi nke carbon na ume na iche iche nke ihe onwunwe.

2. Formic acid bụ formic acid. Ọ bụ formic acid acetic acid?
Formic acid bụ formic acid, formic acid abụghị acetic acid, acetic acid abụghị formic acid, formic acid bụ formic acid. Ị chere na Xiaobian bụ akpụkpọ anụ, n'ezie, Xiaobian nwere ezi obi ka ị webata ihe abụọ a dị iche iche.
A na-akpọkwa formic acid formic acid ma nwee usoro HCOOH. Formic acid enweghị agba mana ọ na-ata ahụhụ ma na-akpata ọnya, ọ na-achakwa ọnya wee na-acha ọbara ọbara mgbe ọ na-akpakọrịta na akpụkpọ ahụ mmadụ. Formaldehyde nwere mmetụta nke ma acid na aldehyde. N'ime ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ, a na-eji formic acid eme ihe na rọba, ọgwụ, akwa akwa, ụlọ ọrụ akpụkpọ anụ. Formic acid, site na aha a na-akpọkarị, bụ carboxylic acid dị mfe. Mmiri mmiri na-enweghị agba nwere isi ísì. Electrolyte adịghị ike, ebe mgbaze 8.6, ebe esi 100.7. Ọ nwere nnukwu acidic na caustic, ma nwee ike kpasuo akpụkpọ ahụ iwe ka ọnya ọnya. A na-achọta ya na nzuzo nke aṅụ na ụfọdụ ndanda na caterpillars.
formic acid (formic acid) bụ carboxylic acid na-ebelata nke nwere otu carbon. Achọpụtara ya na ndanda, n'ihi ya, aha ya bụ formic acid.
Acetic acid, nke a na-akpọkwa acetic acid (36%-38%), glacial acetic acid (98%), usoro kemịkalụ CH3COOH, bụ ụdị monic acid organic, dị ka isi akụkụ nke mmanya. Dị ọcha anhydrous acetic acid (glacial acetic acid) bụ a colorless hygroscopic siri ike na a kefriza ebe nke 16.6 ℃ na a kristal enweghị agba mgbe solidification. Ngwọta mmiri ya na-adịghị ike acidic na erosive, na uzuoku nwere mmetụta na-akpasu iwe na anya na imi.
A na-eji formic acid eme ihe na ọgwụ kemịkalụ, roba coagulant, textile, mbipụta na ịcha akwa, electroplating, ubi akpụkpọ anụ, bụ isi akụrụngwa nke ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ organic, nke a na-ejikarị na ụlọ ọrụ na-ezo aka na 85% formic acid.

3. Kedu ka esi ewepụ mmiri na formic acid?
Formic acid wepụ mmiri, nwere ike tinye anhydrous ọla kọpa sulfate, anhydrous magnesium sulfate na-ewepụ mmiri, ndị a bụ chemical ụzọ, na mgbakwunye na kpọmkwem ntuziaka.
(1) Iji dobe mmiri mmiri sulfuric acid gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ n'ime formic acid, ekwesịrị ịgbakwunye ya site na oghere nkewa. Ya mere, anyị kwesịrị ịhọrọ ngwaọrụ ②; Ngwọta sodium hydroxide, ngwọta calcium hydroxide nwere ike ịmịnye obere gas formic acid agwakọtara na CO, mana ikike nnabata nke ngwọta sodium hydroxide siri ike karịa ngwọta calcium hydroxide. Ya mere, ngwaọrụ nhọrọ ③;
(2) A na-ewepụ gas carbon monoxide na-emepụta site na B, site na D n'ime ngwọta sodium hydroxide iji wepụ formic acid gas, na site na C; Mgbe ahụ ị na-esi na G banye, n'okpuru ọnọdụ ọkụ. Mbelata carbon monoxide nke ọla kọpa oxide, gas sitere na H, wee si na F banye na ngwọta calcium hydroxide, nwalee ọgbọ carbon dioxide. Ya mere, interface njikọ usoro nke ọ bụla ngwá bụ: B, D, C, G, H, F.
(3) N'okpuru ọnọdụ nke kpo oku, ọla kọpa oxide na-ebelata ka ọ bụrụ ọla kọpa, ya mere, site na mmalite nke ikpo ọkụ ruo na njedebe nke nnwale ahụ, mgbanwe agba nke ọla kọpa oxide ntụ ntụ bụ: nwa na-acha uhie uhie, mmeghachi omume mmeghachi omume bụ: CuO + CO
△ Cu+CO2.
(4) Na mmeghachi omume iji mepụta CO, sulfuric acid na-etinye uche na-eme ka formic acid mepụta carbon monoxide, nke na-arụ ọrụ nke akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ.
Azịza ya bụ:
(1) ②, ③;
(2) BDGHF;
(3) Oji ruo uhie, CuO+CO △Cu+CO2;
(4) akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ.

4. Nkọwa nke akụrụngwa, nkwụsi ike na ụzọ nchekwa nke anhydrous formic acid
Ntinye uche nke formic acid dị elu karịa 95% ka ọ bụrụ nnukwu formic acid, ịta n'elu 99.5% nke a maara dị ka anhydrous formic acid, bụ akụrụngwa akụrụngwa nke ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ organic, ejirila ya na ọgwụ kemịkalụ, roba coagulant, textile, mbipụta na ịcha akwa. , electroplating, akpụkpọ anụ na ndị ọzọ ubi, nke a na anhydrous formic acid Njirimara na nkwụsi ike bụ enweghị ikewapụ, na Njirimara na nkwụsi ike nke anhydrous formic acid na nchekwa ụzọ kọwara dị ka ndị a:
Njirimara na nkwụsi ike nke anhydrous formic acid:
1. Chemical Njirimara: Formic acid bụ ike ibelata gị n'ụlọnga na ike na-emepụta silver mirror mmeghachi omume. Ọ bụ acidic karịa na fatty acids, na dissociation mgbe niile bụ 2.1 × 10-4. Ọ na-agbaji nwayọọ nwayọọ ghọọ carbon monoxide na mmiri na ụlọ okpomọkụ. Na mgbakwasị sulfuric acid kpo oku 60 ~ 80 ℃, decomposition tọhapụ carbon monoxide. Formic acid na-emebi emebi ịhapụ carbon dioxide na hydrogen mgbe ọ dị ọkụ karịa 160 ℃. Nnu alkali metal nke formic acid na-ekpo ọkụ na *** 400 ℃ iji mepụta oxalate.
2. Formic acid na-agbaze abụba. Ikuku formic acid vapors nwere ike ịkpasu iwe na imi na ọnụ mucosa iwe ma nwee ike ibute mbufụt. Yiri ihe mkpuchi nchebe na uwe rọba mgbe ị na-ejikwa formic acid gbadoro ụkwụ. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ga-enwerịrị akụrụngwa ịsa ahụ na anya, ebe ọrụ ga-enwerịrị ezigbo ikuku ventilashị, na ntinye uche nke formic acid dị elu na ikuku n'ime mpaghara oke bụ 5 * 10-6. Ndị na-ekuku ume kwesịrị ịhapụ ebe ahụ ozugbo, kukuo ikuku dị mma, ma kunye 2% sodium bicarbonate atomized. Ozugbo ejiri formic acid metọọ ya, saa ya ozugbo na nnukwu mmiri, kpachara anya ka ị ghara iji akwa mmiri hichaa.
3. Nkwụsi ike: Nkwụsi ike
4. Polymerization ize ndụ: Ọ dịghị polymerization
5. Ngwakọta a machibidoro iwu: oxidant siri ike, alkali siri ike, ntụ ntụ na-arụ ọrụ
Usoro nchekwa formic acid anhydrous:
Akpachara anya nchekwa maka anhydrous formic acid: Chekwaa n'ụlọ nkwakọba ihe dị jụụ, ikuku ikuku. Wepụ ọkụ na okpomọkụ. Okpomọkụ nke ụlọ nchekwa anaghị agafe 32 ℃, na iru mmiri adịghị agafe 80%. Debe ihe mkpuchi ahụ. Ekwesịrị ịchekwa ya iche site na oxidizer, alkali na ntụ ntụ na-arụ ọrụ, ma ghara ịgwakọta ya. Ejiri ụdị ọkụ dị iche iche kwekọrọ na ọnụọgụ ngwa ọkụ. Ebe nchekwa ahụ kwesịrị ịkwado ya na akụrụngwa ọgwụgwọ mberede na-agbapụta na ihe njide kwesịrị ekwesị.

5. Formic acid bụ ngwaahịa kemịkalụ a na-ahụkarị na ndụ anyị.
Nye ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ, ihe bụ́ isi nke formic acid bụ isi ya na-esi ísì ụtọ, bụ́ nke a pụrụ isi n’ebe dị anya na-esi ísì, ma nke a bụkwa ihe ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ na-enwe na formic acid.
Yabụ kedu ihe bụ formic acid? Kedu ụdị ojiji ọ bụ maka? Ebee ka ọ na-egosi na ndụ anyị? Chere, ọtụtụ mmadụ enweghị ike ịza nke ahụ.
N'ezie, ọ bụ ihe kwere nghọta na formic acid abụghị ngwaahịa ọha na eze ka emechara, ịghọta ya, ma ọ bụ inwe ụfọdụ ihe ọmụma, ọrụ ma ọ bụ ọnụ ụzọ ọkachamara.
Dị ka a colorless, ma e nwere pungent isi nke mmiri mmiri, ọ nwekwara ike acid na corrosive, ma ọ bụrụ na anyị na-akpachara anya na-eji mkpịsị aka ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ akpụkpọ elu na kpọmkwem kọntaktị na ya, mgbe ahụ akpụkpọ elu ga-abụ n'ihi na nke mgbakasị ahụ. ụfụfụ kpọmkwem, mkpa ịhụ dọkịta ozugbo enwere ike, maka ọgwụgwọ.
Mana n'agbanyeghị na formic acid bụ ihe n'ozuzu ọha na mmata, na ndụ n'ezie, ọ bụ n'ezie otu n'ime ngwaahịa kemịkal a na-ejikarị eme ihe, ọ bụghị naanị na-apụta n'akụkụ niile nke ndụ anyị, enwere ọtụtụ ubi ị na-echebeghị banyere ya, n'ezie. , formic acid dị, ma nyekwa ọtụtụ onyinye. Jide n'ọnọdụ dị oke mkpa.
Enwere ike ịchọta formic acid na ụlọ ọrụ ndị dị ka pesticides, akpụkpọ anụ, ihe eji esiji ákwà, ọgwụ na roba, ma ọ bụrụ na ị na-elebara ntakịrị anya.
Formic acid na aqueous ngwọta nke formic acid nwere ike ọ bụghị naanị igbari metal oxides, hydroxides na dị iche iche ọla, kamakwa formates ha na-emepụta nwere ike agbaze na mmiri, n'ihi ya, a pụkwara iji ha dị ka chemical ihicha mmadụ.
Na mgbakwunye na ngwa ndị a dị n'elu, a pụkwara iji formic acid mee ihe n'ụzọ ndị a:
1. Ọgwụ: vitamin B1, mebendazole, aminopyrine, wdg;
2, pesticides: ntụ ntụ nchara, triazolone, tricyclozole, triamidazole, polybulozole, tenobulozole, ụmụ ahụhụ ether, wdg;
3. Chemistry: calcium formate, sodium formate, ammonium formate, potassium formate, ethyl formate, barium formate, formamide, roba antioxidant, neopentyl glycol, epoxy soybean mmanụ, epoxy octyl soybean mmanụ, tervalyl chloride, paint remover, phenolic resin, pickling ígwè. efere, wdg;
4, akpụkpọ anụ: nkwadebe tanning akpụkpọ anụ, onye na-egbu egbu na onye na-ewepụ ihe;
5, roba: eke roba coagulant;
6, ndị ọzọ: ibipụta na dyeing mordant, eriri na mpempe akwụkwọ, onye na-ahụ maka ọgwụgwọ, plasticizer, nchekwa nri na ihe mgbakwunye nri anụmanụ, wdg.