The chemical aha nkeacetic acidbụ acetic acid, usoro kemịkal CH3COOH, na ọdịnaya nke 99% acetic acid bụ crystallized n'ime ice udi n'okpuru 16 Celsius C, makwaara dị ka glacial acetic acid. Acetic acid enweghị agba, mmiri soluble, nwere ike miscible na mmiri n'ụzọ ọ bụla, na-agbanwe agbanwe, bụ organic acid na-adịghị ike.
Dị ka acid organic, acetic acid abụghị naanị nke ejiri ya mee ihe na njikọ organic, ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ organic, nri, ọgwụ na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ, kamakwa ejiri ya na ụlọ ọrụ ịsa na ịcha akwa.
Ngwa nke acetic acid na ụlọ ọrụ ịsa na ịcha akwa
01
Ọrụ mgbaze acid nke acetic acid na mwepụ nke unyi
Acetic acid dị ka organic mmanya, ọ nwere ike igbari tannic acid, mkpụrụ osisi acid na ndị ọzọ organic acid e ji mara, ahịhịa ahịhịa, ihe ọṅụṅụ stains (dị ka ọsụsọ mkpụrụ osisi, egusi ihe ọṅụṅụ, tomato ihe ọṅụṅụ, soft ọṅụṅụ ihe ọṅụṅụ, wdg), ọgwụ stains, chili. mmanụ na ihe ndị ọzọ, ntụpọ ndị a nwere ihe ndị na-emepụta mmanya na-edozi ahụ, acetic acid dị ka ihe nkwụsịtụ, nwere ike wepụ ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-edozi ahụ, dị ka ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-edozi ahụ, Mgbe ahụ, site na ọgwụgwọ bleaching oxidative, ihe niile nwere ike wepụ.
02
Acid-base neutralization nke acetic acid na ịsacha na ịcha ụlọ ọrụ
Acetic acid n'onwe ya bụ acidic na-adịghị ike ma nwee ike iwepụ ya na ntọala.
(1) N'ime mkpochapu kemịkalụ, iji ihe onwunwe a nwere ike wepụ ntụpọ alkaline, dị ka kọfị kọfị, tii tii, na ụfọdụ ntụpọ ọgwụ.
(2) Nnọpụiche nke acetic acid na alkali nwekwara ike iweghachi ngbanwe nke uwe nke mmetụta alkali kpatara.
(3) Iji acidity na-adịghị ike nke acetic acid nwekwara ike mee ngwa ngwa mmeghachi omume ịcha ọcha nke ụfọdụ mbelata ịcha ọcha na usoro ịcha ọcha, n'ihi na ụfọdụ mbelata ịcha ọcha nwere ike mee ngwangwa ire ere n'okpuru ọnọdụ mmanya ma hapụ ihe na-acha ọcha, ya mere, na-edozi uru PH. nke ngwọta ịcha ọcha na acetic acid nwere ike mee ka usoro ịcha ọcha dịkwuo ngwa.
(4) A na-eji acid acetic acid mee ihe na-edozi acid na alkali nke ákwà akwa uwe, a na-ejikwa ihe eji eme ihe na-edozi ahụ, nke nwere ike iweghachi ọnọdụ dị nro nke uwe.
(5) Wool fiber fabric, na nhazi usoro, n'ihi na okpomọkụ nke ironing dị oke elu, na-akpata mmebi nke eriri ajị anụ, ihe omume aurora, na dilute acetic acid nwere ike iweghachi anụ ahụ ajị anụ, ya mere, acetic acid nwekwara ike ịnagide uwe. n'ihi ironing aurora onu.
03
Maka agba agba mmiri na-edozi mmiri nwere hydroxyl na sulfonic acid otu, eriri eriri na-adịghị mma alkali eguzogide (dị ka silk, rayon, ajị), n'okpuru ọnọdụ nke mmanya, ọ na-adabara agba na agba idozi nke eriri.
Ya mere, ụfọdụ uwe ndị na-adịghị mma na-eguzogide alkaline na nkwụsị dị mfe na usoro ịsa ahụ nwere ike ịgbakwunye na obere acetic acid n'ime akwa akwa akwa iji dozie agba nke uwe.
Site n'echiche a, a na-eji acetic acid eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na ụlọ ọrụ ịsacha na ịcha akwa, ma n'ime usoro ntinye ahụ kwesịkwara ịṅa ntị n'ihe ndị a.
Maka akwa nwere eriri acetic acid, mgbe ị na-eji acetic acid wepụ ntụpọ, ị kwesịrị ịkpachara anya ka ị ṅaa ntị na ntinye acetic acid adịghị oke elu. Nke a bụ n'ihi na fiber acetate bụ osisi, owu owu na ihe ndị ọzọ cellulosic na acetic acid na acetate, adịghị mma iguzogide mmanya, acid siri ike nwere ike imebi eriri acetate. Mgbe etinyere ntụpọ na eriri acetate na akwa nwere eriri acetate, isi ihe abụọ kwesịrị iburu n'uche:
(1) Nchekwa ojiji nke acetic acid bụ 28%.
(2) Ekwesịrị ịme ule ule tupu ejiri ya, emela ọkụ mgbe ejiri ya, kpochaa ozugbo ejiri ya ma ọ bụ wepụ ya na alkali na-adịghị ike.
Akpachara anya maka iji acetic acid bụ ndị a:
(1) Zere kọntaktị na anya, ma ọ bụrụ na kọntaktị na elu ịta nke fermented acid, kpochaa na mmiri ozugbo.
(2) Ekwesịrị izere kọntaktị na ngwa igwe iji mepụta corrosion.
(3) Mmekọrịta ọgwụ na ọgwụ ndakọrịta alkaline nwere ike ime mmeghachi omume neutralization na ọdịda.
(4) Mmeghachi omume ọjọọ acetic acid na-akpasu iwe, ọ na-emebikwa akpụkpọ ahụ na mucosa n'ogo dị elu.
Oge nzipu: Jun-21-2024